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COURSE LIST

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COURSE DESCRIPTIONS

Opt 501 Geometric Optics with Laboratory

Principles of geometric optics, including the propagation of light, reflection and refraction, prisms, thin lenses, thick lenses and lens combinations, lens design, mirrors, aberrations, stops and pupils, optical systems. Laboratory designed to supplement the lecture material. 4 hours.

Opt 502 Physical Optics with Laboratory

Principles of wave optics including interference and diffraction, thin films, Fourier optics, holography, light scattering, polarization, photometry, quantum optics, spectroscopy, and lasers. Laboratory designed to supplement the lecture material. 3 hours.

Opt 503 Visual Optics and Ocular Motility with Laboratory

Optics of the uncorrected and corrected eye, visual acuity, ocular motility and an introduction to binocular vision. 4 hours.

Opt 516 Clinical Experience I

Orientation to the optometric profession and the College’s clinical curriculum. Includes observation and participation in clinical care. 0.5 hour.

Opt 517 Clinical Experience II

Orientation to different modes of optometric practice. Observation and participation in clinics with fourth year students and faculty. 0.5 hour.

Opt 531 Ocular Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry with Laboratory

Anatomy, histology, physiology, biochemistry, and photochemistry of the structures of eyelid and lacrimal system. Basic elements of biochemistry. supplement the lecture. 4.5 hours.

Opt 532 Anatomy of the Visual System with Laboratory

Development of the eye, anatomy and physiology of the orbit, and extraocular muscles. Ocular circulation and sensory, motor, and autonomic innervation of the visual system, visual pathways and visual field defects. 3 hours.

Opt 533 Microbiology, Genetics and Immunology; Pharmacology of Anti-infective Drugs; Diseases of the Lid and Lacrimal System

Principles of microbiology, immunology, and genetics, and their application to ocular diseases. Pharmacology of anti-infective drugs and their use in treatment of ocular diseases. Epidemiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis, and management of diseases and trauma of the eyelids and lacrimal system. 3 hours.

Opt 534 Laboratory Procedures for Assessment of Ocular Disease

A discussion/laboratory seminar designed to provide an understanding of how laboratory procedures can be used to assess ocular disease. 1 hour.

Opt 535 Functional Neuroanatomy and Neurobiology

Gross and microscopic anatomy of the brain and spinal cord. Vasculature, blood-brain barriers, and cerebrospinal fluid. Principles of signaling. Central control mechanisms. Neurology of the oculo-rotary muscles. Vestibular and cerebellar functions. Neuropathology and its effect on visual fields. Neuropharmacology. 3 hours.

Opt 536 Pharmacological Principles and Autonomic Agents

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, routes of drug administration, drug interactions, and drug toxicity. Drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system. Drugs used in the treatment of glaucoma; prescription writing. 3 hours

Opt 537 Etiology, Diagnosis and Management of Systemic Diseases with Laboratory; Pharmacology of Systemic Medications I

Etiology, diagnosis, and management (including pharmaceutical) of diseases of the cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, hepatic, and hematologic systems. Pharmacology of systemic medications. 4 hours.

Opt 546 Clinical Procedures: Non-refractive Diagnostic Tests with Laboratory

Clinical optometric instrumentation and skills including visual acuity measurement, external ocular examination, basic biomicroscopy, direct ophthalmoscopy, and basic visual field assessment. 3 hours.

Opt 547 Clinical Procedures: Binocular Testing and Optics with Laboratory

Clinical optometric instrumentation and skills including entrance tests, lensometry and lens measure, retinoscopy and stereoscope card skills. 2 hours.

Opt 562 Behavioral Optometric Science with Laboratory

Basic concepts of behavioral vision care, evolution of prescription criteria, visual adaptive processes, psychophysical bases of optometric evaluation, attention and vision, techniques of optometric research. Epidemiology of relevant ocular and visual anomalies.

4 hours.

Opt 601 Ophthalmic Optics

Principles of the design and function of single vision and multifocal ophthalmic lenses including cylinders and prisms. Frame nomenclature, lens aberrations, magnification, standards, protective lenses, as well as lens systems and instruments used in optometric examinations. 3 hours.

Opt 602 Sensory-Motor Interactions in Vision with Laboratory

Studies of monocular and binocular accommodation, convergence, and pupillomotor relationships; graphic representation of monocular and binocular visual functions; motor and sensory fusion; binocular visual space, visual fields; basis of aniseikonia and stereoscopic depth perception. Biomechanical models of vision. 4 hours.

Opt 616 Theory and Methods of Refraction

The distribution of refractive status through the life span; signs, symptoms, clinical significance, and management of refractive anomalies; principles underlying routine objective and subjective clinical measurement of refractive status, accommodation, and convergence. Epidemiology of relevant ocular and visual anomalies. 3 hours.

Opt 617 Optometric Case Analysis

Basic methods for analyzing data from and prescribing for non-diseased binocular patients; basic considerations in the management of vertical imbalances and presbyopia; the underlying assumptions and use of the physiological optics model of analysis and functional analysis; the role of formalized analysis systems within the broad framework of examination/diagnosis/treatment/prognosis. Epidemiology of relevant ocular and visual anomalies. 4 hours.

Opt 618 Theory and Practice of Spherical Rigid and Soft Contact Lenses with Laboratory

Principles of rigid and soft contact lens optics, patient evaluation, lens selection, lens fitting, care systems, and basic follow-up for spherical contact lenses used to correct refractive errors. Laboratory designed to supplement the lecture material. 3 hours.

Opt 620 Clinical Experience III

Case history and clinical thinking skills. Participation in screenings and clinical participation and observation in clinics with third year students and faculty. 0.5 hour.

Opt 621 Clinical Experience IV

Case history and clinical thinking skills. Participation in screenings and clinical participation and observation in clinics with third year students and faculty. 0.5 hour.

Opt 631 Diagnosis and Treatment of Anterior Segment Diseases

Epidemiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases of, and trauma to, the conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, sclera, and episclera. 2 hours.

Opt 632 Detection, Assessment and Treatment of Anterior Segment Diseases

A discussion/laboratory seminar designed to teach techniques for the detection, assessment, and treatment of anterior segment disease. 1 hour.

Opt 633 Diagnosis and Treatment of Posterior Segment Diseases

Epidemiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases of, and trauma to, the choroid, retina, and visual pathway, including glaucoma and visual field anomalies. 3 hours.

Opt 634 Detection, Assessment and Treatment of Posterior Segment Diseases

A discussion/laboratory seminar designed to teach techniques for detection, assessment, and treatment of posterior segment diseases. 1 hour.

Opt 637 Etiology, Diagnosis and Management of Systemic Diseases; Pharmacology of Systemic Medications II

Etiology, diagnosis, and management (including pharmaceutical) of diseases of the cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, hepatic, and hematologic systems. Pharmacology of systemic medications. 2 hours.

Opt 638 Etiology, Diagnosis and Management of Systemic Diseases with Laboratory; Pharmacology of Systemic Medications III

Etiology, diagnosis, and management (including pharmaceutical) of diseases of the cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, hepatic, and hematologic systems. Pharmacology of systemic medications. Procedures for evaluating head, neck, ear, nose, throat, musculoskeletal, pulmonary, neurologic, and cardiovascular systems; venipuncture, subcutaneous injection, and intramuscular injection. 2 hours.

Opt 646 Clinical Procedures: Refractive Error Measurement with Laboratory

Skills required for clinical optometry including keratometry, human eye retinoscopy, and the analytical examination. 2 hours.

Opt 647 Ophthalmic Dispensing Procedures with Laboratory

Frame/lens terminology, frame styling, frame/lens parameter selection, frame material properties; discussion of frame adjustment and alignment, lens mounting and insertion, and frame repair. 2 hours.

Opt 648 Clinical Procedures: Phorometry and Ocular Health with Laboratory

Skills required in clinical optometry, including tonometry, gonioscopy, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, binocular refraction, and color vision. 4 hours.

Opt 661 Physiological, Psychological and Cognitive Changes During the Lifespan

Study of development and aging with implications for vision. Neurological, behavioral, perceptual, and physical aspects of development from conception to old age (including developmental disabilities). Gerontology. Epidemiology of relevant ocular and visual anomalies. 2 hours.

Opt 662 Visual Information Processing and Perception

Analysis of the anatomy and electrophysiology of single neurons in the visual system and how these neurons code and transmit visual information. Human detection, acuity, pattern, color, and binocular vision and their electrophysiological correlates are studied by considering single neuron mechanisms. 4 hours.

Opt 715 Patient Care: First Session

Supervised clinical practice including the examination, diagnosis, analysis, and care of selected patients in Pacific University affiliated clinics. 1 hour.

Opt 716 Theory and Practice of Specialty Contact Lenses with Laboratory

Principles of fitting rigid and soft contact lenses for the correction of astigmatism, presbyopia, and irregular corneal shapes; practice management aspects of contact lenses. 4 hours.

Opt 718 Advanced Optometric Case Analysis with Laboratory

Various models of interpreting clinical data. Normal and abnormal visual performances including statistical interpretations of optometric data. Distance, nearpoint, and prism lens prescription procedures. Reinforcement of material by presentation of patient case reports in laboratory. 4 hours.

Opt 720 Vision Therapy for Binocular and Oculomotor Dysfunction with Laboratory

Principles and methods of modifying visual performance through improvement of eye movements, accommodation and convergence abilities, and unification. Hand-eye-body performance, and form and space perceptions are studied. Types of cases requiring vision therapy are considered with emphasis on remediation of general binocular dysfunction. 4 hours.

Opt 721 Clinical Experience V

Clinical thinking skills, optometric case discussions, participation in screenings and clinical patient care. 0.5 hour

Opt 722 Patient Care: Second Session

Supervised clinical practice including the examination, diagnosis, analysis, and care of selected patients in Pacific University affiliated clinics. Lectures review current cases emphasizing problem-solving methods in the delivery of patient care. 2 hours.

Opt 723 Patient Care: Third Session

Supervised clinical practice including the examination, diagnosis, analysis, and care of selected patients in Pacific University affiliated clinics. Lectures review current cases emphasizing problem-solving methods in the delivery of patient care. 2 hours.

Opt 724 Pediatric and Developmental Optometry

Vision as part of the total development of the human being; the interrelationships between visual abilities and other modalities and functions. Normal development of ocular and visual function from birth to adult. Age-appropriate tests for evaluating the vision of children. Epidemiology of relevant ocular and visual anomalies, and prescribing guidelines for modifying and enhancing visual performance of children. 2 hours

Opt 725 Assessment and Management of Strabismus and Amblyopia with Laboratory

Clinical management of strabismus and amblyopia with emphasis on primary care. Differential diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of therapeutic procedures. Vision therapy techniques, lenses, prisms, and co-management for strabismic and amblyopic patients. Epidemiology of relevant ocular and visual anomalies. 4 hours.

Opt 726 Normal and Abnormal Visual Perception

Normal and abnormal visual perception including figure-ground, directionality, visual memory, and eye movement-related phenomena. Effects of attention and physiology on perception. Perceptual problems associated with dyslexia, specific reading disabilities, stroke and traumatic brain injury. Normal and abnormal sensory system interactions. 2 hours.

Opt 727 Evaluation and Management of Patients with Perceptual Problems with Laboratory

Observation and participation in evaluations and therapy appropriate for patients having perceptual problems associated with learning disabilities, traumatic brain injury, stroke and developmental abnormalities. Procedures for guiding and modifying visual performance and co-management strategies. Development of treatment plans. Evaluation of community resources available to patients with perceptual problems. 3 hours.

Opt 728 Assessment and Management of the Partially-Sighted Patient

Clinical management of visual problems of the partially-sighted patient. Examination and treatment of the low vision patient. Prescription of conventional spectacles, telescopic and microscopic spectacles, television readers, special magnifying devices, and non-optical devices. 2 hours.

Opt 733 Assessment and Management of Ocular Disease Patients

Indications, techniques, and interpretation of the procedures used in disease detection, assessment, and management. Emphasis is on management of the entire patient rather than just the patient's specific disease. 2 hours.

Opt 735 Applied Ocular Therapeutics

The use of medications in the treatment of ocular disease, including adnexal, anterior segment, and posterior segment disorders. Emphasis is placed on the clinical thinking process for determining the most appropriate management of a particular disease, emphasizing the therapeutic drug or drugs for effective treatment. 1 hour.

Opt 761 Public Health Optometry

Public health philosophy and concepts. Biostatistics/epidemiology. Health economics and planning. Social aspects of health and federal/state role in health care. Contemporary health care developments. The evolving role of optometry in community health. 2 hours.

Opt 762 Communication in Optometric Practice with Laboratory

Theory and practice of doctor-to-patient communication. Patient interviewing, effective interview behavior, patient management, and accurate history taking. Verbal, nonverbal, and written communication. Student participation in peer and self-evaluation, observation of professional interviews using video and audio tape recordings. 2 hours.

Opt 763 Environmental, Occupational, and Recreational Vision

The interface between human and the environment with emphasis on optometric concerns. Industrial, occupational, and recreational demands on vision; methods of evaluation. Radiation and selective absorption. Illumination. Eye hazards, blindness, and compensation. Motorist, pilot and VDT operator vision. Vision ergonomics and protective equipment. 2 hours.

Opt 764 Optometric Economics and Practice

Management and legal aspects of optometric practice. Modes of practice, practice development. Locating and establishing a practice. Formation and operation of partnerships and associations; multidisciplinary practices; health maintenance organizations. Ethics, professionalism, and professional responsibilities to the public. Organizations within the profession and current trends. 4 hours.

Opt 791 Optometric Thesis: Orientation and Planning

The first course of a two course sequence involving a creative, disciplined study of a topic or phenomenon related to optometry. Requirements include the development of a formal proposal which may describe an experimental or non-experimental study. Didactic presentations relative to research design are an integral part of the course. 1 hour.

Opt 815 Primary Patient Care: Preceptorship Rotation #1

Supervised clinical practice in affiliated hospital settings, health care centers, public and private vision clinics. General and/or specialized health care services unique to each site. 15 hours.

Opt 816 Primary Patient Care: Preceptorship Rotation #2

Supervised clinical practice in affiliated hospital settings, health care centers, public and private vision clinics. General and/or specialized health care services unique to each site. 15 hours.

Opt 817 Primary Patient Care: Internal Clinic Rotation

Supervised primary care clinical practice in Pacific University affiliated clinics. Clinical case conferences offering discussion and review of current cases are included. 7 hours.

Opt 818 Vision Therapy Patient Care

Supervised clinical management of patients requiring vision therapy in Pacific University affiliated clinics. 3 hours.

Opt 819 Low Vision Patient Care

Supervised clinical management of patients requiring low vision care and devices in Pacific University affiliated clinics. 1 hour.

Opt 820 Contact Lens Patient Care

Supervised clinical management of patients wearing or desiring to wear contact lenses in Pacific University affiliated clinics. 1 hour.

Opt 821 Clinical Rounds

A lecture/seminar course utilizing cases to illustrate evaluation and management of refractive, binocular, accommodative, disease, and visual information processing problems. 1 hour.

Opt 822 Pediatric Patient Care

Supervised optometric clinical management of infants, toddlers and preschool aged children in Pacific University affiliated clinics. 1 hour.

Opt 832 Ocular Disease and Special Testing Patient Care

Supervised clinical management of patients with ocular disease in Pacific University affiliated clinics. 1 hour.

Opt 892 Optometric Thesis: Completion

A continuation of Opt 791. Requirements include the completion of a thesis proposal approved by a faculty advisor. (Fall Semester Only) 1 hour.

Elective Courses: Doctor of Optometry (O.D.) Degree Curriculum:

Opt 729 Assessment and Management of the Partially Sighted Patient, Seminar

This elective will provide hands-on experience with the devices and assessment techniques discussed in Opt 728 Assessment and Management of the Partially Sighted Patient. 1 hour.

Opt 740 Seminar in Contact lenses

Identification, etiology and remediation of contact lens problems as complications of corneal physiology, refractive implications, and materials and solutions used; literature review of specific contact lens topics; student preparation and delivery of a lecture on some phase of contact lens practice; evaluation of contact lens articles in the published literature. 2 hours.

Opt 741 Geriatric Optometry

Special needs of the geriatric population. Ocular and systemic aging changes, pharmacological needs, and mentation and independence issues of the aged person as seen in office and in custodial institutions. Emphasis on diagnosis and interaction with primary care physicians, social workers, and occupational therapists. 1 hour.

Opt 743 Neurorehabilitative Optometry

Principal aspects of neurological conditions. Discussions on the pathophysiology of neurological impairment; examination techniques, including neurological assessment; ocular and systemic health; treatment options. Strategies for team management including obtaining hospital privileges and co-managing patients with other health care professionals. 2 hours.

Opt 744 Vision Problems That Relate to Learning Difficulties with Laboratory

Role of vision in relation to educational, psychological, and speech and hearing performance. Diagnosis, remediation and management of learning disability patients with emphasis on reading problems. Interrelationship between achievement level, IQ, personality test results and optometric findings such as eye movements, perception and visual processing, refractive status and accommodative-convergence function. Observation of instruction of children with learning disorders. Comparison of visual and classroom performance. 3 hours.

Opt 745 Laser Management of Ocular Disease

Use of lasers in managing anterior and posterior ocular conditions. Laser treatment of patients with open or closed angle glaucoma, retinal conditions, refractive anomalies, and capsulotomies. Management of possible complications and legal considerations. Includes demonstrations and hands-on practice. 1 hour.

Opt 746 Sports and Recreational Vision

Theory, diagnosis, and remediation of sports vision problems. Static and dynamic visual acuity, accommodation, pursuit and saccadic eye movements, binocularity, and gross and fine visual-motor coordination and specific sports. Sports vision research theory. The role and scope of the sports vision consultant. Laboratories involve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of sports vision problems. 2 hours.

Opt 748 Hospital Based Optometry

Obtaining hospital privileges, credentialing, quality assurance, and accreditation. Ordering, interpreting, and charting radiology, laboratory and fluorescein angiography results. Ethical dilemmas in the multidisciplinary setting. Charting, verbal communication, and written communication with various health care providers. 2 hours.

Opt 749 Refractive Surgery

Surgical and laser treatments of refractive error including historical and state of the art techniques. Patient selection factors and protocols for co-management. Diagnosis, treatment, and management of postoperative complications. The role of optometry in the invasive correction of refractive error. 1 hour.

Opt 750 Orthokeratology

Historical development of orthokeratology. Anatomical, physiological, and refractive characteristics of the cornea and their assessment. Patient selection for orthokeratology and various methods of treatment. 2 hours.

Opt 751 Current Topics Impacting Optometry

New scientific discoveries and current trends in research impacting patient care. Current clinical and professional issues. New and different approaches to health care. New diagnostic and treatment approaches. Topics drawn from current journals. May be taken more than once during the year. 1 hour.

Opt 752 Basic Spanish for Optometry

Spanish language essential for conducting an optometric examination. 1 hour.

Opt 757 Ophthalmic Imaging

Techniques associated with capturing ophthalmic images. Use of non-mydriatic fundus cameras, traditional fundus cameras, and anterior segment slit lamp cameras. Video, film and digital image capture techniques; the use of computer enhancement/modification of images. 1 hour.

Opt 765 Seminar in Multidisciplinary Service

Role visual factors play in learning disability diagnosis and remediation. Drawing upon the disciplines of education, psychology, speech pathology and optometry, experience is gained in diagnosis, therapy, and case management within a multidisciplinary setting. 1 hour

Opt 766 Business Principles for Optometric Practice

The goal of this course is to provide interested students, particularly those without prior business background, with foundational knowledge in important areas of business prior to their enrollment in Opt 764 Optometric Economics and Practice. 1 hour.

Opt 767 Glaucoma: Evidence Based Diagnosis and Management

This elective is designed to assist students in finding key current research, evaluating it, and applying the information to patient care in the area of glaucoma. This course will encourage students to study the literature to understand the current rationales for diagnosing and managing this disease. 2 hours.

Opt 901 Seminar in New Ophthalmic Instrumentation and Materials

Review of current literature on new ophthalmic instrumentation and materials. Students will read current issues of selected journals and present reports of relevant articles. Special topics will be assigned for more extensive student reports. Presentations on instrumentation and materials will be given by faculty members and invited guests. 1 hour

Opt 916 Seminar in Functional Vision and Pediatrics

Review of current literature on functional vision and pediatrics. Students will read current issues of selected journals and present reports of relevant articles. Special topics will be assigned for more extensive student reports. Presentations on functional vision and pediatrics will be given by faculty members and invited guests. 1 hour

Opt 917 Seminar in Visual-Motor Function

Review of current literature on visual-motor function. Students will read current issues of selected journals and present reports of relevant articles. Special topics will be assigned for more extensive student reports. Presentations on visual-motor function will be given by faculty members and invited guests. 1 hour.

Opt 918 Seminar in Contact Lenses

Review of current literature on contact lenses. Students will read current issues of selected journals and present reports of relevant articles. Special topics will be assigned for more extensive student reports. Presentations on contact lenses will be given by faculty members and invited guests. 1 hour

Opt 919 Seminar in Environmental Vision

Review of current literature on environmental vision. Students will read current issues of selected journals and present reports of relevant articles. Special topics will be assigned for more extensive student reports. Presentations on environmental vision will be given by faculty members and invited guests. 1 hour

Opt 961 Seminar in Visual Infomation Processing

Review of current literature on information flow and analysis in the visual system.  Students will read current issues of selected monographs and journals, and present reports of relevant articles.  Special topics will be assigned for more extensive student reports.  1 hour

Opt 932 Seminar in Ophthalmic/Systemic Disease

Review of current literature on disease etiology, diagnosis, and management. Students will read current issues of selected journals and present reports of relevant articles. Special topics will be assigned for more extensive student reports. Presentations on disease etiology, diagnosis, and management will be given by faculty members and invited guests. 1 hour

Opt 932 Seminar in Ophthalmic/Systemic Disease

Review of current literature on disease etiology, diagnosis, and management. Students will read current issues of selected journals and present reports of relevant articles. Special topics will be assigned for more extensive student reports. Presentations on disease etiology, diagnosis, and management will be given by faculty members and invited guests. 1 hour

Opt 962 Seminar in Presentation Methods in the Health Professions

Methods used to teach and present information. Setting long and short term goals, designing lesson plans, presentation techniques and styles, examinations, and innovative teaching methods, including the use of audiovisual and computer technology. 1 hour

Opt 991 Research and Data Analysis Methods

Research design strategies and data analysis procedures. Use of computerized data recording, analysis, and reporting procedures will be stressed. Methods for preparing material for publication or oral presentation will be covered. 4 hours

Opt 995 Thesis Research

Conducting a research project with the guidance and cooperation of a faculty thesis committee. Following completion of the project to the satisfaction of the faculty committee, an oral presentation is made to the faculty and a written report is prepared for submission to the University library. May be repeated three times for credit. *2 hours

Additional information on Opt 995: Project topics will be suggested by faculty members or may be originated by students themselves. Following discussions with potential faculty thesis committee members, an oral and written presentation describing the project is made to the College of Optometry Research and Awards Committee for review and comment (see section entitled "Academic Procedures"). Project topics may include case studies, literature reviews, clinical trials, development of new procedures or techniques, instrument evaluations, etc. The written report must be approved and signed by all members of the faculty committee; it may be in the form of a formal thesis or it may be a major paper (or papers) suitable for publication in an optometric/vision journal (or book). Presentation of the project at local and national meetings is strongly encouraged.

Opt 996 Special Study

Intended as an alternative or in addition to Opt 995 Thesis Research. Involves conducting a complete literature review or participating in a series of smaller projects/experiences on a special topic of the student's choice and taking a comprehensive written and/or oral examination on the topic. Students should confer with their advisor before selecting this option and must have their special topic approved by the advisor. May be repeated three times for credit. The examination will be given in the final term of Opt 996. *2 hours

Residency Option

Students who desire to combine a residency with their Masters program will participate in a clinical experience (Opt 920) two days per week for five academic semesters.

Opt 920 Clinic Experience

Participation in delivery of clinical services. May be repeated five times for credit. Must be taken five times to qualify for Residency certification. 3 hours (two days per week)

Interest Area and Elective Courses: Masters of Science (M.S.) in Clinical Optometry Degree Program

Some courses are given by departments or divisions outside the College of Optometry and are subject to their scheduling. Some optometry courses are given on an as needed basis. With advisor approval, students may select an interest area and elective courses other than those listed below. Students can choose from the several hundred advanced courses offered by the various departments and divisions of Pacific University.

Sample Elective Courses: Masters of Science (M.S.) in Clinical Optometry Degree Program

BA 300G Management Principles

This course provides an understanding of the duties and responsibilities of managers. Basic management knowledge, attitudes, skills and managerial processes are stressed. 3 hours

BA 320G Human Resource Management

Functions of a personnel program in a business organization. Contributions of research in the social sciences to personnel administration. Operation and techniques of a personnel department including job evaluation, psychological testing, employment counseling, wage administration, and other personnel programs. 3 hours

Opt 963 International Optometry

Review of the comparative education base of optometry in various nations and the relation to scope of practice and practice modes. Examination of barriers to growth of the profession and an exploration of strategies to promote orderly progress. 3 hours

Opt 935 Prescribing Lens Corrections for Problem Patients

Methods for analyzing patient findings to produce an optimum lens prescription. Balancing accommodation and convergence with lenses. Use of horizontal and vertical prism. Use of computerized analysis procedures. 3 hours

Phil 307G Ethics, Medicine and Health Care

A study of ethical issues that arise and occur within medical and health care contexts and professions. 4 hours

Opt 964 Teaching Experience

Participate in the teaching of a course or laboratory. Arranged with individual faculty members. 2 hours

Opt 956 Independent Study

Coursework not covered by regular courses and arranged as independent study with an instructor. An independent study contract is required to register. Credit hours are assigned by the instructor.

*Opt 995 Thesis Research and Opt 996 Special Study are graded in the following manner: A grade of "X" will be submitted by the appropriate faculty member as the student progresses through the sequence. Once the thesis is completed (Opt 995) or examination is completed (Opt 996) final grades are submitted. All "X" grades will then be changed by the Registrar to coincide with the final grade submitted by the thesis advisor or examination advisor.